The initial journey led the Spaniards through a landscape dominated by tropical forests, rivers, and hills. Navigating this terrain was difficult; the Spaniards faced threats from hostile indigenous groups, unfamiliar geography, and the constant need for supplies and fresh water.
Encounter with Indigenous Peoples and Alliances
One of Cortés’ most crucial strategies on this journey was forming alliances with indigenous peoples who opposed Aztec rule. The Aztec Empire exacted tribute and demanded military service from conquered groups, breeding resentment and unrest.
The most significant of these allies were the Tlaxcalans, fierce warriors who refused to submit to Aztec domination. Cortés skillfully negotiated with the Tlaxcalan leaders, convincing them that an alliance with the Spaniards could help overthrow the Aztecs.
These alliances provided Cortés with thousands of indigenous warriors, guides, and knowledge of the terrain. They also gave the expedition greater legitimacy and strength as it progressed.
Other indigenous groups, such as the Totonacs and the Cholulans, also allied with or submitted to the Spaniards during the journey. However, relationships were often complex and fragile, requiring diplomacy, displays of power, and sometimes brutal force. shutdown123